NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Interim Financial Statements

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 contained herein has been derived from audited financial statements.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2012 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 11, 2013.

Basis of presentation

As the Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business, and while planned principal operations have commenced, there has been no revenue generated from sales, license fees or royalties; the Company is considered a development stage enterprise. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to a development stage enterprise. Financial position, results of operations and cash flows of a development stage enterprise are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles that apply to established operating enterprises.

As a development stage enterprise, the Company's primary efforts are devoted to conducting research and development for the treatment of CNS diseases. The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects these conditions to continue for the foreseeable future operations. In addition, the Company has working capital and stockholders' deficiencies as of March 31, 2013. The Company requires additional financing, for which there are no existing commitments, to fund its working capital deficiency and future operations. Further, the Company does not have any commercial products available for sale and there is no assurance that if approval of its products is received that the Company will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable.

The above factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The Company expects that cash used in operations will increase significantly over the next several years and it is the Company's intent to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of its current product candidates through equity or debt financing. There can be no assurance that such funds, if available at all, can be obtained on terms reasonable to the Company. If the Company is unsuccessful in raising additional capital it will need to reduce costs and may be required to reduce or cease operations.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the useful life of fixed assets and assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation.

Research and development costs

The Company outsources its research and development efforts and expenses these costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing products for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed in 2007 and 2010 as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Income taxes

Income tax provisions or benefits for interim periods are computed based on the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate. Based on the Company's historical losses and its expectation of continuation of losses for the foreseeable future, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized and, accordingly, has provided a full valuation allowance. As the Company anticipates or anticipated that its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 would be fully offset by a valuation allowance, there is no federal or state income tax benefit for the periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 related to losses incurred during such periods.

Per share data

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted to give effect to a 1-for-20 reverse stock split (see Note 3).

As of March 31, 2013, there are outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,270,732 shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 5). In addition, the Company has issued to employees, options to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock of which 376,500 were outstanding at March 31, 2013 (see Note 4). In computing diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, no effect has been given to such options and warrants as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Krele LLC (hereafter referred to as the “Company” or “Tonix”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As the Company is devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business, and while planned principal operations have commenced, there has been no revenue generated from sales, license fees or royalties, the Company is considered a development stage enterprise. Accordingly, the Company's consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to a development stage enterprise. Financial position, results of operations and cash flows of a development stage enterprise are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles that apply to established operating enterprises.

As a development stage enterprise, the Company's primary efforts are devoted to conducting research and development for the treatment of CNS diseases. The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects these conditions to continue for the foreseeable future. In addition, although the Company has approximately $900,000 of working capital at December 31, 2012, the Company will require additional financing to fund future operations as it is expected that cash to be used in operations will increase significantly over the next several years. Further, the Company does not have any commercial products available for sale and has not generated revenues and there is no assurance that if approval of their products is received that the Company will be able to generate cash flow to fund operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's research and development will be successfully completed or that any product will be approved or commercially viable.

The Company intends to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of its current product candidates through equity or debt financing; however the Company does not have any commitments or definitive or binding arrangements for such funds. There can be no assurance that such funds, if available at all, can be obtained on terms reasonable to the Company. If the Company is unsuccessful in raising additional capital it will need to reduce costs and operations substantially.

The above factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include assumptions used in the fair value of stock-based compensation and the fair value of other equity instruments.

Research and Development costs

The Company outsources its research and development efforts and expenses related costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing product for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired was expensed in 2007 and 2010 as research and development costs, as it related to particular research and development projects and had no alternative future uses.

Furniture and equipment

Furniture and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the asset's estimated useful life, which is three years for computer assets and five years for furniture and all other equipment. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of net operating loss and credit carryforwards and temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts measured at the current enacted tax rates. The Company records an estimated valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets if it is not more likely than not that these deferred income tax assets will be realized.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company has not recorded any unrecognized tax benefits.

Stock-based compensation

All stock-based payments to employees and to nonemployee directors for their services as directors, including grants of restricted stock and stock options, are measured at fair value on the grant date and recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as compensation or other expense over the relevant service period. Stock-based payments to nonemployees are recognized as an expense over the period of performance. Such payments are measured at fair value at the earlier of the date a performance commitment is reached or the date performance is completed. In addition, for awards that vest immediately and are non forfeitable the measurement date is the date the award is issued.

Per share data:

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock, adjusted to give effect to the exchange ratio in the Share Exchange in October 2011, which was accounted for as a recapitalization of the Company (see Note 1), and to the 1-for-20 reverse stock split, which was effected on May 1, 2013 (see Note 15).

In October 2011, upon completion of the share exchange referred to above, the Company issued Convertible Debentures in the amount of $2,075,000 which, as of December 31, 2011, were convertible into approximately 199,250 common shares. In January 2012, the debentures were exchanged for units or repaid (see Note 5). In computing diluted net loss per share for 2011, no effect has been given to such shares as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, upon completion of the various financings, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,259,934 shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 11). In addition, in May 2012, the Company issued to employees options to acquire an aggregate of 175,000 shares of the Company’s common stock of which 150,000 were outstanding at December 31, 2012 (see Note 10). In computing diluted net loss per share for 2012, no effect has been given to such options and warrants as their effect would be anti-dilutive.