NOTE 1 – BUSINESS 

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., through its wholly owned subsidiary Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Tonix Sub”), is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of innovative pharmaceutical products to address public health challenges. All drug product candidates are still in development.

On May 15, 2015, Tonix Sub formed Tonix Medicines, Inc. (“Tonix Medicines”) for the purpose of manufacturing and distributing pharmaceutical products in the U.S.

On October 29, 2014, Tonix Sub formed Tonix Pharma Holdings Limited (“Tonix International Holding”), which was incorporated under the laws of Ireland and is a tax resident in Bermuda, for the purpose of acquiring the rights to develop and commercialize Tonix products. Tonix International Holding formed Tonix Pharma Limited (“Tonix Ireland”) for the purpose of manufacturing, trading and developing Tonix products. On December 15, 2014, Tonix Sub and Tonix International Holding entered into an intercompany license agreement whereby Tonix Sub granted Tonix International Holding a non-exclusive right to exercise certain product technologies and related intangible rights. As consideration, Tonix International Holding paid licensing fees to Tonix Sub.

On October 24, 2013, Tonix Sub formed Tonix Pharmaceuticals (Barbados) Ltd. (“Tonix Barbados”). Tonix Barbados had previously entered into a license agreement and a cost-sharing agreement with Tonix Sub, pursuant to which Tonix Barbados acquired the rights to develop and commercialize certain products for non-U.S. markets. Tonix Barbados was liquidated and dissolved during the year ended December 31, 2015. All assets have been transferred to, and liabilities were assumed by, Tonix International Holding.

On April 23, 2013, Tonix Sub formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Tonix Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc. (“Tonix Canada”), in the province of New Brunswick, Canada for the purpose of obtaining research and development credits from the Canadian government for any research and development studies performed in Canada.

On August 16, 2010, Tonix Sub formed Krele LLC ("Krele") in the state of Delaware. Krele is a limited liability corporation whose sole member is Tonix Pharmaceuticals Inc. Krele was established to commercialize products that are generic versions of predicate new drug application products or versions of drug efficacy study implementation products. Tonix Sub expects that its relationship to Krele will be similar to that of several other pharmaceutical companies and their subsidiaries that market generic versions of the parent's branded products at different periods in their product life-cycle.